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ADHD and Anxiety Medication Anxiety disorders can be co-occurring with ADHD. Anxiety can trigger anxiety, restlessness and sleeplessness. Stimulant medications can help alleviate these symptoms however, they may also cause adverse effects, such as the development of tics and minor reduction in growth in adolescents and children. Many people also experience their anxiety levels increase when they are taking stimulant drugs. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs that are used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. They are available in tablets, capsules crystals that are chunky and clear, or a white or brown powder. Large doses of stimulants can cause over-stimulation and result in anxiety, panic attacks, stomach cramps or paranoia. The long-term use of stimulants could cause addiction and serious side effects, such as heart problems, high blood pressure and stroke. The drugs typically prescribed to treat ADHD have also proven track record of relieving the symptoms of anxiety. They work by increasing the amount of brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine which are typically lower in those with ADHD. This increases the activity and communication of the parts of the brain that control executive and attention functions. This results in increased impulse control and anxiety symptoms decreasing. Both atomoxetine (as well as methylphenidate) reduce anxiety symptoms among adults with ADHD who also suffer from anxiety disorders. adhd medications for adults in anxiety symptoms was evident from the fourth week of treatment for both drugs, and the benefit was maintained for 8 weeks of treatment. It is important to remember that the type medication that will be most effective in treating anxiety and ADHD symptoms co-occurring may depend on which disorder has more impact on the quality of life of an individual. For example, an individual might experience a lot of anxiety-inducing episodes on a regular basis while they rush to make appointments or try to keep track of projects for work or school. They can be extremely distressing and might cause them to be anxious on more of a frequently than the symptoms of a specific phobia or panic attack would. In these cases it is possible to treat the anxiety-related symptoms using antidepressants or SSRIs, which have been shown to be effective in reducing anxiety levels in adults. These are taken orally, and can take a long time to begin working. The most common options are selective serotonin inhibits (SSRIs) which include Sertraline Serotonin, Fluoxetine, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitions (SNRIs) like venlafaxine, and duloxetine. These are often taken in addition to cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety and are especially useful when a patient is suffering from high blood pressure. SSRIs SSRIs which are antidepressant drugs, are often used to treat anxiety disorders. The prototype drug in this category is fluoxetine, better known as Prozac. The SSRIs can also help treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. These medications are more flexible than previous versions of antidepressants. Additionally, they have fewer and less serious side effects. The SSRIs inhibit the reuptake serotonin in synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter to remain active in the synapse and signal the post-synaptic cell more times than would otherwise occur. This can increase norepinephrine output, which can reduce anxiety symptoms. This may also increase levels of neuronal cyclicAMP (cAMP), stimulating the synthesis of proteins. They also decrease the impulsivity and hyperactivity. They also can improve sleep quality and reduce the agitation of some people with ADHD. These drugs can, however increase the risk of suicidal behavior and thoughts among some people. They can also increase appetite and weight gain when first starting. Another type of antidepressant, known as SNRIs, performs differently than SSRIs. SNRIs block the reuptake both of serotonin as well as norepinephrine. Similar to SSRIs they may influence anxiety, but they also improve the functioning of the heart muscle and the blood vessels, which can reduce feelings of anxiety and stress. They also can boost the mood of people suffering from bipolar disorder. The most popular SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR) and desvenlafaxine (Khedezla, Pristiq). SNRIs may cause blood pressure to increase in certain individuals, so those who suffer from high blood pressure or heart disease should not take these medications. In addition to medications and other treatments, there are a myriad of behavioral treatments that could aid in reducing anxiety and ADHD. Mindfulness techniques can be helpful in lowering stress and anxiety as can yoga and meditation. Some people have found tapping specific points of the body, also known as Emotional Freedom Techniques can help reduce the cortisol hormone that is responsible for anxiety. Diet and exercise can also aid in reducing anxiety. Your doctor may recommend eating a diet that is based on whole vegetables, fruits and grains and avoiding sugar, which can cause anxiety in certain ADHD children and adults. Non-stimulant based medications While stimulants are extremely effective in treating ADHD, and have been extensively researched however they are not the most appropriate choice for people who suffer from anxiety or ADHD. These medications can trigger adverse effects such as jitteriness, rapid heart rate and nervousness that can be similar to or worsen anxiety symptoms. Since 2002, non-stimulant drugs have been prescribed for ADHD (under the brand name Strattera). They don't increase blood pressure or heart rate, and they are less likely to cause anxiety-related side effects such as shaking, sweating, or nervousness. Atomoxetine targets receptors for the brain chemical norepinephrine and can improve attention and reduce impulsivity as well as hyperactivity. Studies have also shown that it can effectively improve anxiety symptoms in adolescents and children with ADHD. Researchers collected clinical articles from PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO to find out whether atomoxetine reduced anxiety in adolescents and children with ADHD. Bupropion is a different medication that can ease anxiety symptoms. It is a brain chemical, dopamine. Bupropion is typically prescribed to patients suffering from ADHD and depression. It can also improve mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety. It is generally a good idea to try and treat the root cause of anxiety before treating the ADHD since that will usually reduce anxiety symptoms. In some cases anxiety symptoms in ADHD children may be the cause of their anxiety. The most effective approach to treat anxiety in these situations is usually cognitive-behavioral therapy as well as psychostimulants. This is because these therapies tackle the root of the issue and help reduce ADHD symptoms, which will in turn, decrease the anxiety. Antidepressants are often prescribed to those suffering from coexisting ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants that target Serotonin, a chemical in the brain, can aid in relieving anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft, Lexapro and Sertraline. The final decision of which medication is best for you will be decided by your doctor. Before recommending a drug, they will consider your lifestyle, symptoms, age, as well as other health issues. It is important to discuss with your doctor about your goals for treatment and to adhere to a routine daily when taking any medication. Other options Based on your individual health goals, there are other treatments that could be beneficial in managing ADHD and anxiety. These include mindfulness yoga, meditation, tapping (Emotional Freedom Techniques), sleep and nutrition, as well as exercise and healthy eating habits. People who are anxious are more likely to experience symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Dr. Hallowell says, which can make it difficult to treat both disorders at once. He typically prescribes stimulants to address ADHD and then shifts to non-stimulant medications like atomoxetine, bupropion, or guanfacine for anxiety disorders. These medications work 24 hours a day and are not controlled substances similar to stimulants.